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City of Marina, California Urban Growth Boundary Initiative
November 2000
In November 2000, the City of Marina approved an update to add an Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) to its city General Plan and Local Coastal Program (LCP) to prevent urban sprawl and to preserve undeveloped land near the coast. The main purpose of the UGB Initiative is to restrict land within the UGB to open space and recreational uses until at least December 31, 2020 (when the current initiative expires, unless it is extended by the city). Low-density zones that were mapped along the coast provide the guidance and land-use controls for these areas. While the UGB and low-density zones were not established for the explicit purpose of managed retreat, they can serve as an example of land-use and zoning tools other municipalities could consider to conserve coasts, natural resources, and other open spaces in the face of sea-level rise and erosion.
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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Sea Level Rise and Global Climate Change: A Review of Impacts to U.S. Coasts
February 2000
This early report, published by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change (now Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, C2ES), describes the threat that sea level rise poses, and identifies the specific types of impacts this phenomenon will likely have. The state of understanding of the impacts on U.S. coasts is reviewed, and impacts described include inundation of wetlands and lowlands, coastal erosion, increased vulnerability to flooding, and salinization of the water supply.
Authors or Affiliated Users: James E. Neumann, Gary Yohe, Robert Nicholls, Michelle Manion
Resource Category: Assessments
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National Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise: Preliminary Results for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Coast
2000
In this report, the relative vulnerability (the Coastal Vulnerability Index, or CVI) of different coastal environments to sea-level rise is quantified for the U. S. Gulf of Mexico Coast region. This initial classification is based upon variables such as coastal geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of sea-level rise, wave and tide characteristics, and historical shoreline change rates. The combination of these variables and the association of these variables to each other furnishes a broad overview of sub-regions where physical changes are likely to occur due to sea-level rise.
Authors or Affiliated Users: E. Robert Thieler, Erika S. Hammar-Klose
Resource Category: Assessments
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Metropolitan East Coast Regional Assessment: Risk Increase to Infrastructure Due to Sea Level Rise
2000
A sub-set of the "2000 Metropolitan East Coast Assessment" from Columbia University, this report provides an assessment of the risks to transportation infrastructure from sea-level rise in the tri-state area surrounding New York City (encompassing parts of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut).
Authors or Affiliated Users: Klaus H. Jacob, Noah Edelblum, Jonathan Arnold
Resource Category: Assessments
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National Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise: Preliminary Results for the Atlantic Coast
1999
One of three national assessments of U. S. coastal regions conducted in the late 1990's, this assessment focused on the Atlantic coastline, while the other two focused on the Gulf Coast and Pacific coastlines. The overall goal of these studies was to identify those portions of the U. S. coastal regions at risk and the nature of that risk (e. g. , inundation, erosion, etc. ). The long-term goal of this study is to predict future coastal changes with a degree of certainty useful for coastal management, following an approach similar to that used to map national seismic and volcanic hazards.
Authors or Affiliated Users: E. Robert Thieler, Erika S. Hammar-Klose
Resource Category: Assessments
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Rising Seas, Coastal Erosion, and the Takings Clause: How to Save Wetlands and Beaches Without Hurting Property Owners
1998
This law review article discusses ways in which states can protect their public trust lands from sea-level rise while remaining respectful of property owners' rights and investments. The article examines land use planning options by which coastal states might retain some of their public trust tidelands 'in perpetuity' no matter how much the sea rises, at least in areas that have not yet been developed.
Author or Affiliated User: James Titus
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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NOAA Coastal Zone Enhancement Grants (Section 309)
NOAA's Coastal Zone Enhancement Program (CFDA Number: 11. 419) provides formula grants to state and territorial coastal zone management programs to help jurisdictions enhance and improve the management of coastal resources in nine "enhancement areas" (defined below). Funds are provided directly to states that can use those grants to assess their coastal management programs and identify opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of their programs. Grants are used to develop legal and policy changes and cannot be used for capital projects.
Resource Category: Funding
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NOAA Coastal Zone Management grants -- Section 306/306a
NOAA provides formula grant funding to coastal states to support administration and specific projects to implement each state’s coastal management plan under Sections 306 and 306a of the Coastal Zone Management Act (CFDA Number: 11.419).
Resource Category: Funding
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Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level Rise and Barrier Islands: Case Study of Long Beach Island, New Jersey
1990
Published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990, this article discusses the likely impacts of future sea level rise on developed barrier islands, and provides a case study of Long Beach Island, New Jersey.
Author or Affiliated User: James Titus
Resource Category: Solutions
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FGDC GeoPlatform Website
The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) GeoPlatform website provides access to federally-maintained data and resources related to coastal flooding, sea level rise, and their impacts. The website also provides data from government partners (state, tribal, regional and local) and non-governmental organizations. Platform users can access available data and share customized maps through web browsers and mobile applications.
Resource Category: Data and tools
