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Maine Sand Dune Rules
June 8, 2006
Maine’s coastal sand dunes are resources of state significance under Maine's Natural Resources Protection Act (NRPA) (38 Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 480-A. ) To protect these coastal features, the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) established these rules to provide guidance to applicants seeking permits under the NRPA for certain activities in a coastal sand dune system. DEP evaluates proposed developments with consideration of the projected impacts of sea level rise, and may impose restrictions on the density and location of development.
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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Alaska HCR 30: Created the Alaska Climate Impact Commission (2006)
May 2006
In May 2006, the Alaska Legislature adopted House Concurrent Resolution 30, creating an Alaska Climate Impact Commission. The Commission was charged with assessing the impacts and costs of climate change to Alaska and developing recommendations for preventative measures potentially implemented by Alaskan communities and governments. The eleven-member commission released its final report in March 2008.
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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King County (Washington) Executive Order on Land Use Strategies for Global Warming Preparedness
March 22, 2006
In March 2006, King County, Washington Executive Ron Sims issued Executive Orders on Global Warming Preparedness that directed King County to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for anticipated climate change impacts. This order requires that King County Departments employ coordinated strategies of land use to mitigate and adapt to global warming.
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California Executive Order S-03-05 - Global warming impacts
June 1, 2005
On June 1, 2005, Governor Schwarzenegger signed Executive Order S-03-05, requiring the Secretary of the California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to report to the Governor and the state legislature by January 2006, and every two years afterwards, on the impacts of global warming to California.
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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City of Marina, California Urban Growth Boundary Initiative
November 2000
In November 2000, the City of Marina approved an update to add an Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) to its city General Plan and Local Coastal Program (LCP) to prevent urban sprawl and to preserve undeveloped land near the coast. The main purpose of the UGB Initiative is to restrict land within the UGB to open space and recreational uses until at least December 31, 2020 (when the current initiative expires, unless it is extended by the city). Low-density zones that were mapped along the coast provide the guidance and land-use controls for these areas. While the UGB and low-density zones were not established for the explicit purpose of managed retreat, they can serve as an example of land-use and zoning tools other municipalities could consider to conserve coasts, natural resources, and other open spaces in the face of sea-level rise and erosion.
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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St. George, Utah Erosion Hazard Zones and Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
1999
St. George, Utah established Erosion Hazard Zones (EHZ) adjacent to its rivers based on a 100-year planning period. The City incorporated the EHZ into their Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance in 1999. The ordinance does not prohibit development, but allows for better consideration of, and mitigation of, flooding and erosion risks.
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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Rising Seas, Coastal Erosion, and the Takings Clause: How to Save Wetlands and Beaches Without Hurting Property Owners
1998
This law review article discusses ways in which states can protect their public trust lands from sea-level rise while remaining respectful of property owners' rights and investments. The article examines land use planning options by which coastal states might retain some of their public trust tidelands 'in perpetuity' no matter how much the sea rises, at least in areas that have not yet been developed.
Author or Affiliated User: James Titus
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
February 11, 1994
On February 11, 1994, President Clinton signed E.O. 12898 which directs federal agencies to make achieving environmental justice part of its mission by identifying and addressing disproportionately high and adverse human health, environmental, economic and social effects of its activities on minority and low-income populations. Agencies are further directed to identify potential effects and mitigation measures in consultation with affected communities.
Resource Category: Law and Governance
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Local Land Use Response to Sea Level Rise
This report summarizes selected local land use ordinances and regulations that include specific mention of sea level rise or that incorporate appropriate policy responses that may be used to address sea level rise. While developed for The Nature Conservancy Long Island, it is a useful resource for any coastal state.
Resource Category: Law and Governance


